Below are the many sources that informed this work, from direct citations to bibliographies that can serve as a guide for deeper learning.
For a general overview of these ideas and topics, we also suggest the following books as a great place to start:
Jackson, Kenneth T.. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Print.
Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2017. Print.
Smith, Clint. How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 2021. Print.
Wilkerson, Isabel. Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. New York: Random House, 2020. Print.
Bridgeport Story 1: “Little Liberia”
An early feature of Little Liberia in a Map of of the City of Bridgeport. 1850, Library of Congress.
Map of the City of Bridgeport. 1877, Library of Congress.
An Artistic Imagining of Little Liberia. John Wright, Freeman Center.
Mary & Eliza Freeman Houses as they are today. 2012, Wikimedia.
Bridgeport Story 2: “Father Panik Village”
Aerial Map of central Bridgeport featuring Father Panik Village. 1985, NETR Online – Historic Aerials
Aerial View of Yellow Mill and East Side Slum Clearance Site from the Housing Authority of Bridgeport. 1936, Bridgeport History Center.
Photograph of Father Panik Village in its later years. Undated, Viorel Florescu.
Bridgeport Story 3: “Black Panthers”
Panthers Gathering Outside the New Haven Office. 1970, David Fenton, The Guardian.
Marchers for Better North End Housing. 1967, Hartford Public Library.
What’s Really Happening With…Bobby and Ericka. 1970, Panther Trial News, Washington Area Spark.
Bridgeport Story 4: “Wartime Housing”
Construction of Seaside Village at the Crane Tract. 1919, Francis Loeb Library at Harvard University.
Key Map of All Planned Wartime Housing in Bridgeport, CT. 1919, United States Housing Corporation.
Planning Map for the Crane Tract of Seaside Village. 1919, United States Housing Corporation.
New Haven Story 1: “William Lanson”
Harbor and Long Wharf, from Depot Tower, New Haven. Whitney, Beckwith & Paradice, Wikimedia.
Reference Map for Early Negro New Haven 1810-1850. Robert Austin Warner, New Haven Negroes: A Social History.
The Son of William Lanson Defense of His Father. Isaiah Lanson, Yale Law School Library.
New Haven Story 2: “Urban Renewal of the Hill”
Looking from Union Ave NW Across Church Street Project. 1956, New Haven Redevelopment Agency, New Haven Museum.
Clearance of Church Street South Area. 1965, New Haven Redevelopment Agency, New Haven Museum.
Oak Street, in a section of the Hill that was fully demolished to make way for the Oak Street Connector. Early 20th Century, uncredited, Colin M. Caplan.
Norwalk Story 1: “Village Creek”
Local children playing in the woods of Village Creek. 1953/1954, Village Creek Home Owner’s Association.
Original division of parcels of Village Creek. 1952, Village Creek Home Owner’s Association.
Norwalk Story 2: “CORE v. Norwalk Board of Education”
Outside Hartford’s Noah Webster Elementary School, people protest against neighborhood school zones that created school segregation. 1964, uncredited, Hartford Public Library.
Norwalk Core v. Norwalk Board of Education, 423 F.2d 121 (1970). Caselaw Access Project, Harvard University.
Demographer Mike Zuba explaining the South Norwalk school district (in pink, at left) to Common Council members. 2022, Nancy on Norwalk.
The Experience / Physical Exhibit: Bibliography
Section 1: Defining Democracy
Berman, Marshall. All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity. New York: Penguin Books, 1988. Print.
Guyatt, Nicholas. Bind Us Apart: How Enlightened Americans Invented Racial Segregation. Basic Books, 2016. Print.
Hohle, Randolph. The American Housing Question: Racism, Urban Citizenship, and the Privilege of Mobility. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2022. Print.
Leonard, Thomas C.. Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics, and American Economics in the Progressive Era. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. Print.
Levitsky, Steven and Daniel Ziblatt. How Democracies Die: What History Reveals About Our Future. Crown Publishing Company: New York, 2018. Print.
Näsström, Sofia. The Spirit of Democracy: Corruption, Disintegration, Renewal. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021. Print.
Smith, Clint. How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History of Slavery Across America. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 2021. Print.
Taplin-Kaguru, Nora E.. Grasping for the American Dream: Racial Segregation, Social Mobility, and Homeownership. New York: Routledge, 2022. Print.
Weinberg, Ashley. Psychology of Democracy: Of the People, By the People, For the People. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Print.
Wilkerson, Isabel. Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. New York: Random House, 2020. Print.
Section 2: Experiencing Democracy
Ambrose, Stephen. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. Print.
Bareau, Penelope. “The Meatpacking District: From the Original Farmers’ Market to High-End Fashion Scene.” 6sqft. February 12, 2015. https://www.6sqft.com/the-meatpacking-district-from-the-original-farmers-market-to-high-end-fashion-scene/.
Black, Edwin. War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race. Washington D.C.: Dialog Press, 2012. Print.
Bowery Boys. “Land of the Lenape: A Violent Tale of Conquest and Betrayal.” The Bowery Boys. July 23, 2020. https://www.boweryboyshistory.com/2020/07/sad-tale-lenape-original-native-new-yorkers.html.
Caro, Robert A.. The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. New York: Vintage Books, 1975. Print.
Corner, James. The High Line. New York: Phaidon Press, 2015. Print.
Fabricant, Michael B. and Robert Fisher. Settlement Houses Under Siege: The Struggle to Sustain Community Organizations in New York City. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Flint, Anthony. Wrestling With Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York’s Master Builder and Transformed the American City. New York: Random House, 2009. Print.
Foote, Thelma Wills. Black and White Manhattan: The History of Racial Formation in Colonial New York City. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print.
Fullilove, Mindy Thompson. Root Shock: How Tearing Up City Neighborhoods Hurts America, and What We Can Do About It. New York: One World/Ballantine, 2005. Print.
Gold, Roberta. When Tenants Claimed the City: The Struggle for Citizenship in New York City Housing. Champaign, IL: U of Illinois, 2014. Print.
Halle, David and Elisabeth Tiso. New York’s New Edge: Contemporary Art, the High Line, and Urban Megaprojects on the Far West Side. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014. Print.
Jackson, Kenneth T.. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Print.
Jenkins, Jeffrey A. and Justin Peck. Congress and the First Civil Rights Era: 1861-1918. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2021. Print.
Kahn, Alan Paul. The Tracks of New York: Number 3, Manhattan and Bronx Elevated Railroads of 1920. Electric Railroaders’ Association, 1973.
Koeppel, Gerard. City on a Grid: How New York Became New York. New York: De Capo Press, 2017.
Linder, Christoph and Brian Rosa. Deconstructing the High Line: Postindustrial Urbanism and the Rise of the Elevated Park. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2017. Print.
McAuley, Kathleen A., and Gary Hermalyn. The Bronx. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2010. Print.
McFarland, Gerald W.. Inside Greenwich Village: A New York City Neighborhood, 1898-1918. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001. Print.
Murphy, Matthew. “‘They deliberately set fire to it … simply because it was the home of unoffending colored orphan children.’” New York Historical Society Museum & Library. July 16, 2013. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/burning-of-orphan-asylum.
Nabors, Forrest A.. From Oligarchy to Republicanism: The Great Task of Reconstruction. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2017. Digital.
Plunz, Richard. A History of Housing in New York City. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Print.
Pritchard, Evan T.. Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York. Chicago: Council Oak Books, 2007. Print.
Purnell, Brian, Jeanne Theoharis, and Komozi Woodard. The Strange Careers of the Jim Crow North: Segregation and Struggle Outside of the South. New York: New York University Press, 2019.
Santangelo, Lauren C.. Suffrage and the City: New York Women Battle for the Ballot. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. Print.
Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Westchester County, New York, including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms. Philadelphia: Preston, 1886. Digital.
Shapiro, Gary. “How Greenwich Village played a role in Women’s Suffrage.” The Village Sun. November 15, 2020. https://thevillagesun.com/how-greenwich-village-played-a-role-in-womens-suffrage.
Stokes, Isaac Newton Phelps. The Iconography of Manhattan Island: 1498 – 1909. New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1928. Digital.
Sze, Julie. Noxious New York: The Racial Politics of Urban Health and Environmental Justice. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2006. Print.
Wallace, Deborah and Rodrick Wallace. A Plague on Your Houses: How New York was Burned Down and National Public Health Crumbled. New York: Verso Books, 1998. Print.
Wallace, Rodrick. “A Synergism of Plagues: ‘Planned Shrinkage,’ Contagious Housing Destruction, and AIDS in the Bronx.” Environmental Research 47, no. 1 (October 1988): 1-33.
White, Shane. Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York City, 1770-1810. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1991. Digital.
Wilkerson, Isabel. The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration. New York: Random House, 2010. Print.
Yang, Jia Lynn. One Mighty and Irresistible Tide: The Epic Struggle Over American Immigration, 1924-1965. New York: WW Norton & Company, 2020. Digital.
Section 2: Visioning Democracy
Bailey, Yelena. How the Streets Were Made: Housing Segregation and Black Life in America. Chapel Hill, NC.: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020. Print.
Bloom, Nicholas Dagen. Public Housing That Worked: New York in the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. Print.
Bloom, Nicholas Dagen and Matthew Gordon Lasner. Affordable Housing in New York: The People, Places, and Policies That Transformed a City. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. Print.
Kuttner, Robert. Going Big: FDR’s Legacy, Biden’s New Deal, and the Struggle to Save Democracy. New York: The New Press, 2022. Digital.
Madsen, Peter and Richard Plunz. The Urban Lifeworld: Formation, Perception, Representation. London: Routledge, 2001. Digital.
Marchiel, Rebecca K.. After Redlining: The Urban Reinvestment Movement in the Era of Financial Deregulation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2020. Digital.
Panuch, J. Anthony. Building a Better New York: FINAL REPORT to Mayor Robert F. Wagner. New York: NY Mayor’s Independent Survey on Housing & Urban Renewal, 1960.
Rothstein, Richard. The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2017. Print.
Slater, Gene. Freedom to Discriminate: How Realtors Conspired to Segregate Housing and Divide America. Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2021. Digital.
Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Print.
Vale, Lawrence J.. Purging the Poorest: Public Housing and the Design Politics of Twice-Cleared Communities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. Print.
Section 2: Practicing Democracy
High Line Network. “Embed Equity in All Phases of Park Planning.” Community First Toolkit. Accessed June 1, 2022. https://toolkit.highlinenetwork.org/.
McFarlane, Colin. Fragments of the City: Making and Remaking Urban Worlds. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2021. Digital.
Munch, Janet Butler. “Community Building at Amalgamated Housing Co-operative.” The Bronx County Historical Society Journal: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies LVIII, no. 1 and 2 (2020): 10-21.
Roe, Jenny and Layla McCay. Restorative Cities: Urban Design for Mental Health and Well-Being. New York: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2021. Print.